Wed, 2 Jul 2008

New Zealand ranks second only to the United States in a scientific survey of illegal cocaine and cannabis use in 17 countries.

The study uses data from the countries participating in the World Health Organisation's (WHO) World Mental Health Survey Initiative.

It found that 16.2 percent of people in the United States reported using cocaine in their lifetime, the second highest level of cocaine use was in New Zealand, where 4.3 percent of people reported having used the drug.

Cannabis use was highest in the US (42.4 percent), followed by New Zealand (41.9 percent).

The research was based on interviews with 85,052 participants in 17 countries.

Sample sizes ranged from 2372 in the Netherlands to 12,992 in New Zealand, with most of the interviews done face-to-face. Participants were asked whether they had ever used alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or cocaine.

It was published today in the journal of the Public Library of Science.

While New Zealand and the United States were closely matched in the proportion of people who reported having used cannabis, the USA was far ahead of the pack in terms of cocaine use.

New Zealand cocaine use was much closer to the levels around 4 percent reported in Colombia, Mexico and Spain. Low proportions of cocaine use were reported in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.

Differences in illegal drug use were more marked among young adults: by the age of age 15, drug users in New Zealand (27 percent) and the USA (20 percent) had the highest levels of cannabis use, with almost no use in Asia, Middle East, or Africa .

Only 7 percent of teens in the Netherlands had used cannabis by the age of 15. But the majority of young adults in New Zealand (62 percent) and the USA (54 percent) had used it by age 21, compared to 35 percent of those in the Netherlands.

Drug use "does not appear to be simply related to drug policy," the authors said.

Countries with stringent policies towards illegal drug use often had higher levels of such drug use than countries with more liberal policies. In the Netherlands -- which has more liberal policies than the USA -- 1.9 percent of people reported cocaine use and 19.8 percent reported cannabis use.

Males were more likely than females and younger adults were more likely than older to have used all the drugs examined.

Higher income was related to drug use of all kinds.

Marital status was found to be related to tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use, but not alcohol use.

People who were never married or those previously married had higher odds of lifetime cocaine and cannabis use than the currently married, but tobacco use was more likely in people who have been previously married and less likely among the never married.

Most people surveyed in the Americas, Europe, Japan, and New Zealand, had used alcohol, with smaller proportions of the population admitting to drinking liquor in the Middle East, Africa, and China.

The 17 countries surveyed included Colombia, Mexico, USA, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Ukraine, Israel, Lebanon, Nigeria, South Africa, Japan and New Zealand. Separate surveys were done in Beijing and Shanghai in China.

NZPA